Why the Wye River meetings then - ALPA could have abandoned it sitting at headquarters if they "obviously thought they were free enough to abandon it." No- ALPA couldn't abandon the Nic. All they could do was attempt to get the parties to agree to modify/abandon it. So how free did the 9th say USAPA was to abandon the Nic? "At least" as as free as ALPA, which could be anything between "USAPA can't" to "they can completely ignore it".
Again, the 9th Circuit Court made it clear they leave USAPA free to bargain for all it members in Good Faith both East and West with the knowledge the threshold for ripeness will be met at that time.
They couldn't have made it more clear that its a collective interest and by using "good faith", the standard that will apply. They cited SCOTUS in ALPA v O'Niel and Ford Motor vs Huffman to further emphasize what that standard is.
Pg 8010
(“[T]he final product of the bargaining process
may constitute evidence of a breach of duty only if it can be
fairly characterized as so far outside a ‘wide range of reasonableness,’
that it is wholly ‘irrational’ or ‘arbitrary.’ ”
As a published case, this will be precedent. One which a judge must follow and one if a trail should be granted will require proper jury instruction and the allowance of such an enormous body of evidence, plaintiffs will never be able to show "wholly irrational" behavior.
The 9th Circuit also made it clear that the facts are that two seniority lists and contracts exist and the whole of the claim was based on a "seniority proposal" arrived through an "internal union process" by a union that was replaced.
Appeals court tend be very deliberate with their opinions, creating as little legal precedent as possible while rendering their decision. What precedent was issued here, clearly identified USAPA's obligation and ability to negotiate the interest of all its pilots unfettered. It's amazing that the 9th took the opportunity to cite Ford Motor vs Huffman and the SCOTUS's definition of breach of good faith. It is clear that they kept the opinion as brief as possible, citing the legal issues in play. Partly to limit the range of the precedent they were setting, partly because it limits the possibility of an en banc review because there was already precedent for the issues. Something Seham painfully tried to establish in Wake's court. Just about everything the 9th did do, validates USAPA's legal position, is consistent with labor principles, and protects organized labor's legal rights and allows no narrowing of the standard in which it can defend its actions.
In any way you look at this, USAPA just came through the process with the ability to abandon the NIC, as longs as it acts in Good Faith for all of its members.