Oneflyer said:
You are confusing two different issues. AA is making the minimum required payments, but they are accruing a liability into the future. SW is making all of its payments now, there is no liability. Employee stock purchase plans do not cost the company anything, AA has one. Stock options are an expense, but a non-cash expense, in reality the share holder, not the company picks up the the tab. Profit sharing is given out only if there is a profit, AA has this too now, so SW is not on the hook if they have a bad quarter or year.
There is really no debate here traditional pension plans are far more expensive than a 401k. Its just been proven over and over, not just by AA.
I also just can't understand why union membership fights this so much, if you have a DB plan with an airline, IT WILL GO AWAY BEFORE YOU RETIRE, and there really isn't much question about it. You can stick your head in sand and pretend its not real, but when you go to retire you'll be getting the minimum.
[post="197469"][/post]
I'm not confusing any issues, and the facts are on my side. While it is entirely possible that the DB plans will eventually disappear, it is not a given that the DB plans are always more expensive than DC plans. And it is not a given that AA will quickly cancel its plans if UAL is successful in terminating its DB plans.
Even if the DB plan is more expensive for AA than a DC plan, what really matters is not the cost of each component of employee compensation; what matters is the overall cost of labor. If the DB plan is affordable for AA, and its employees don't demand a DC plan like the employees have at WN, who is to say that AA will cancel its DB plan? WN now pays its mechanics more than does AA. AA's 738 pilots now make less per hour than 737 pilots at WN. WN FAs will soon make more per hour than AA FAs (if they don't already).
On your statement about AA's DB plan liability: Historically low interest rates (combined with lackluster stock market returns since the bear market began) are the major reasons that the plans are "underfunded." The plans are not underfunded because AA purposely underfunded them.
Every pundit in the country is predicting higher interest rates. If rates rise (like they probably will), then the actuarial computations that now show the DB plans are underfunded may very well show the plans are fully funded or even might show a surplus. Same with a stock market recovery. Congress rightfully granted companies some breathing room in making up shortfalls that in a year or two might not be shortfalls. Yes, AA's minimum contributions are less because of the Congressional relief. And if interest rates fall more (how could they?) and the stock market tanks, then AA's DB plans will be even more underfunded. That might spell their doom.
And of course, higher interest rates are a double edged sword now that AA's debt burden is in the stratosphere and it is a poorer credit risk than it used to be.
On employee stock purchase plans not costing the company anything - you are incorrect. WN sells stock to employees at a 10% discount to market price. That 10% is a cost. In the last few years, WN has bought hundreds of millions of dollars of its own stock to sell to its employees and to satisfy employee stock options. Does AA sell stock to its employees at a discount or at market price?
In this year's 10-K, WN disclosed that the board authorized up to $300 million of stock repurchases to satisfy option exercise:
http://ir.10kwizard.com/filing.php?repo=te...ource=770&fg=24 (pages 24-25)
When you said that stock options don't represent a cash expense, you are incorrect. Not all companies expense them on their income statement, but the exercise of the options by the employees represents cash out the door to the employees. In a cashless exercise, the employee is just paid the difference. If the employee buys the stock, the company has to buy stock to sell to the employee for the (presumably) lower option price. Of course the stockholders pay - but by that token, stockholders pay all corporate expenses, including all components of compensation. I agree with Warren Buffett that options should be expensed. Nevertheless, WN does not expense its options. Pages 49-51 of WN's 10-K discloses the massive potential liability for unexercised stock options. It's in the hundreds of millions of dollars.
Conventional wisdom is that DC plans are always cheaper than DB plans. Perhaps they are. But the amount spent by WN for its contributions to DC plans for its employees is staggering.
The Company has defined contribution plans covering substantially all of Southwest’s Employees. The Southwest Airlines Co. Profitsharing Plan is a money purchase defined contribution plan and Employee stock purchase plan. The Company also sponsors Employee savings plans under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which include Company matching contributions. The 401(k) plans cover substantially all Employees. Contributions under all defined contribution plans are based primarily on Employee compensation and performance of the Company.
Company contributions to all retirement plans expensed in 2003, 2002, and 2001 were $219 million, $156 million, and $215 million, respectively.
Company contributions to DC plans were in excess of 10% of total employee compensation in 2003, and much higher than 10% in the two prior years. Add to that the fact that WN now pays its employees more per hour than AA, and it is apparent that WN's DB plans, in combination with stock options and employee stock purchase plans, comprises a substantial expense for that company. They are expensive. And AA's $461 million DB plan contribution for 2004 looks cheap by comparison.
Over the long-term horizon, you are right. DB plans will probably completely disappear in the private sector.
But in the short term, I disagree that AA will simply play "follow the leader" if UAL cancels its DB plans. For one thing, I predict that UAL will liquidate if the plans are terminated. And its liquidation is obvious if a judge should force UAL to continue them. UAL can't afford to pay them and continue as a going concern.
UAL does not have the cash on hand or revenue to pay even its minimum contributions to its grossly underfunded plans.
AA, on the other hand, spends more on ice, soda, snacks, food and alcohol than its annual pension contributions. AA's pension contributions are paid up for this year (contrast that to UAL). AA's reasonable contributions for next year will be no problem to fund. AA slashed its employees' pay more than at UAL, and some of that difference makes the DB plans rather affordable.