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- Jun 10, 2011
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Merging with US Airways makes most sense for American
When Tempe, Arizona-based US Airways announced a record US$321 million 2012 second-quarter net profit excluding special charges, up 203% from the corresponding period in 2011, it stood in sharp contrast to American Airlines parent AMR Inc., which reported a net loss of US$241 million despite record quarterly revenue of US$6.5 billion as well as artificially low operating costs due to AMRs current position in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, which shielded it from having to pay certain suppliers and creditors till approval is given from the bankruptcy court judge in New York.
While AMR did show a 15.7% improvement over its results from 2011 second quarter, and continues to make progress in its bankruptcy restructuring process, it has become clear at this point that AMR should at least consider the possibility of merging with another US carrier in an effort to match the scale, scope, and profitability of full service rivals Delta Air Lines and United Airlines, as both of these airlines have reported record profits over the last few years, even as AMR lost billions of dollars.
Americans standalone reorganisation underwhelming
American made a smart move in laying out a plan to increase its net results by US$3 billion annually, which would have led to profitability at AMR in each of the past 10 years except 2002 when the entire US airline industry was suffering from a post 9/11 hangover, and led to a US$1.9 billion profit excluding special items in the last full fiscal year of 2011.
However, the specifics of AMRs plan leave much to be desired. Of the US$3 billion improvement, US$2 billion is supposed to come from restructuring savings including labour cost reductions, debt restructuring, general contract renegotiation, and the grounding of older, fuel-inefficient planes. However, this US$2 billion target has already been revised downwards as AMR has reduced its target for labour cost reductions from 20% to 17% after a tepid response to its proposals from the various employee unions at AMR. That drop from 20% to 17% means that AMR is now only targeting US$1.6-1.8 billion in annual cost savings versus 2011, of which US$1-1.15 billion is expected to come from labour costs.
Whether AMR can achieve even this less ambitious cost reduction target is questionable given that AMRs various unions are highly reluctant to come to terms with AMR. For example, the Association of Professional Flight Attendants (APFA) rejected outright AMRs initial term sheet offer that would have saved the company US$234 million annually, and forced AMR into several subsequent rounds of negotiation that culminated in a Last Best and Final Offer (LBFO) from which AMR only asked for concessions of US$168 million and left in place several productivity-killing work rules.
Similarly, AMRs pilots union the Allied Pilots Association (APA) has yet to agree to AMRs term sheet or any subsequent offers, voting down the most recent AMR offer 11-5. AMR management seeks US$315 million in concessions from the APA, but more importantly is also seeking more freedom in aircraft purchases with AMRs order for 42 Boeing 787-9 being heavily delayed and in fact AMR might lose out on prime delivery positions for the 787-9 if further delays are incurred in signing the firm order with Boeing; and pilot scheduling as American has been prevented from launching several ultra-long haul routes such as Dallas-Shanghai due to a draconian clause in the current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) that requires pilot approval to fly any ultra long-haul routes. However, the APA claims that its members are unsure of the proposed benefits from the plan, including a generous profit sharing plan similar to the ones found at Delta and US Airways, and has asked the bankruptcy court judge for more time before the Section 1113 provision rejecting all of AMRs CBAs is granted to management. However, on August 15th, the New York bankruptcy court denied Americans petition, saying that AMRs management had not made its case well enough.
Even if AMR is ultimately successful in winning new deals with each of its labour groups, Aspire Aviation is sceptical that it will be able to gain the full scope of cost savings from labour, given that much of the projected savings comes from work rule changes that may not increase productivity to the degree that AMR claims it will. But Aspire Aviation believesAMR can realistically expect to meet 85% of its targeted savings, or between US$850 million and US$900 million. This would reduce Americans labour cost per available seat mile (LCASM) to between 3.7 and 3.8 US cents, roughly in line with fellow US full service carriers. Similarly, Aspire Aviation expects that AMR could achieve between 70-80% of its US$750 million goal for savings from other restructuring moves, or US$500-600 million. All told, Aspire Aviation estimates that AMR could save up to US$1.5 billion in annual costs through its bankruptcy restructuring. This would push Americans overall cost per available seat mile (CASM) down to around 13.2-13.5 US cents.
But even this level of savings will only push AMR to a tenuous level of profitability, as it does not address its biggest problem, its declining revenue performance. Now in absolute, nominal terms, AMRs revenue performance is just fine it is recording excellent growth in passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM), an industry measure of unit revenue, as with the general US market which has seen record PRASM growth.
Where AMR has a problem is relative to its legacy peers. For the longest time, American has held a strong PRASM advantage relative to the rest of the US airlines. But in recent quarters, that advantage has evaporated as rivals United and Delta leveraged more powerful networks to increase their PRASM in 2012 second-quarter to 13.57 and 14.23 US cents, respectively, versus just 12.33 US cents at American, including regional operations.
AMR claims that it will close this gap by increasing revenues by a total of US$1 billion over the next five years, including US$330 million from increased domestic and international codeshares, as well as more than US$660 million from increased international flying and a 20% growth in departures from its five cornerstone markets: Miami, Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, New York both JFK and La Guardia, and Chicago Ohare. However, Aspire Aviation is sceptical that American will be able to sustain much of this revenue gain over the long term, as simply adding destinations and frequencies to the network will not solve Americans fundamental network deficiencies, which lie in Asia, Europe beyond London, and domestically up and down the East Coast and to a lesser degree on the West Coast and in the Rocky Mountain region. Any revenue gains which American might accrue by putting more flights onto its network are ultimately unsustainable, because existing competitors and new entrants can take back that business by attacking Americans network holes.
Short of organic growth that will be very difficult given Americans retrenchment from its formerly diverse network of focus cities within the US and a dearth of viable hubs for transatlantic, transpacific, and East Coast domestic travel, the only way for American to solve its network deficiency is in fact to merge with another US airline.
When Tempe, Arizona-based US Airways announced a record US$321 million 2012 second-quarter net profit excluding special charges, up 203% from the corresponding period in 2011, it stood in sharp contrast to American Airlines parent AMR Inc., which reported a net loss of US$241 million despite record quarterly revenue of US$6.5 billion as well as artificially low operating costs due to AMRs current position in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, which shielded it from having to pay certain suppliers and creditors till approval is given from the bankruptcy court judge in New York.
While AMR did show a 15.7% improvement over its results from 2011 second quarter, and continues to make progress in its bankruptcy restructuring process, it has become clear at this point that AMR should at least consider the possibility of merging with another US carrier in an effort to match the scale, scope, and profitability of full service rivals Delta Air Lines and United Airlines, as both of these airlines have reported record profits over the last few years, even as AMR lost billions of dollars.
Americans standalone reorganisation underwhelming
American made a smart move in laying out a plan to increase its net results by US$3 billion annually, which would have led to profitability at AMR in each of the past 10 years except 2002 when the entire US airline industry was suffering from a post 9/11 hangover, and led to a US$1.9 billion profit excluding special items in the last full fiscal year of 2011.
However, the specifics of AMRs plan leave much to be desired. Of the US$3 billion improvement, US$2 billion is supposed to come from restructuring savings including labour cost reductions, debt restructuring, general contract renegotiation, and the grounding of older, fuel-inefficient planes. However, this US$2 billion target has already been revised downwards as AMR has reduced its target for labour cost reductions from 20% to 17% after a tepid response to its proposals from the various employee unions at AMR. That drop from 20% to 17% means that AMR is now only targeting US$1.6-1.8 billion in annual cost savings versus 2011, of which US$1-1.15 billion is expected to come from labour costs.
Whether AMR can achieve even this less ambitious cost reduction target is questionable given that AMRs various unions are highly reluctant to come to terms with AMR. For example, the Association of Professional Flight Attendants (APFA) rejected outright AMRs initial term sheet offer that would have saved the company US$234 million annually, and forced AMR into several subsequent rounds of negotiation that culminated in a Last Best and Final Offer (LBFO) from which AMR only asked for concessions of US$168 million and left in place several productivity-killing work rules.
Similarly, AMRs pilots union the Allied Pilots Association (APA) has yet to agree to AMRs term sheet or any subsequent offers, voting down the most recent AMR offer 11-5. AMR management seeks US$315 million in concessions from the APA, but more importantly is also seeking more freedom in aircraft purchases with AMRs order for 42 Boeing 787-9 being heavily delayed and in fact AMR might lose out on prime delivery positions for the 787-9 if further delays are incurred in signing the firm order with Boeing; and pilot scheduling as American has been prevented from launching several ultra-long haul routes such as Dallas-Shanghai due to a draconian clause in the current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) that requires pilot approval to fly any ultra long-haul routes. However, the APA claims that its members are unsure of the proposed benefits from the plan, including a generous profit sharing plan similar to the ones found at Delta and US Airways, and has asked the bankruptcy court judge for more time before the Section 1113 provision rejecting all of AMRs CBAs is granted to management. However, on August 15th, the New York bankruptcy court denied Americans petition, saying that AMRs management had not made its case well enough.
Even if AMR is ultimately successful in winning new deals with each of its labour groups, Aspire Aviation is sceptical that it will be able to gain the full scope of cost savings from labour, given that much of the projected savings comes from work rule changes that may not increase productivity to the degree that AMR claims it will. But Aspire Aviation believesAMR can realistically expect to meet 85% of its targeted savings, or between US$850 million and US$900 million. This would reduce Americans labour cost per available seat mile (LCASM) to between 3.7 and 3.8 US cents, roughly in line with fellow US full service carriers. Similarly, Aspire Aviation expects that AMR could achieve between 70-80% of its US$750 million goal for savings from other restructuring moves, or US$500-600 million. All told, Aspire Aviation estimates that AMR could save up to US$1.5 billion in annual costs through its bankruptcy restructuring. This would push Americans overall cost per available seat mile (CASM) down to around 13.2-13.5 US cents.
But even this level of savings will only push AMR to a tenuous level of profitability, as it does not address its biggest problem, its declining revenue performance. Now in absolute, nominal terms, AMRs revenue performance is just fine it is recording excellent growth in passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM), an industry measure of unit revenue, as with the general US market which has seen record PRASM growth.
Where AMR has a problem is relative to its legacy peers. For the longest time, American has held a strong PRASM advantage relative to the rest of the US airlines. But in recent quarters, that advantage has evaporated as rivals United and Delta leveraged more powerful networks to increase their PRASM in 2012 second-quarter to 13.57 and 14.23 US cents, respectively, versus just 12.33 US cents at American, including regional operations.
AMR claims that it will close this gap by increasing revenues by a total of US$1 billion over the next five years, including US$330 million from increased domestic and international codeshares, as well as more than US$660 million from increased international flying and a 20% growth in departures from its five cornerstone markets: Miami, Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, New York both JFK and La Guardia, and Chicago Ohare. However, Aspire Aviation is sceptical that American will be able to sustain much of this revenue gain over the long term, as simply adding destinations and frequencies to the network will not solve Americans fundamental network deficiencies, which lie in Asia, Europe beyond London, and domestically up and down the East Coast and to a lesser degree on the West Coast and in the Rocky Mountain region. Any revenue gains which American might accrue by putting more flights onto its network are ultimately unsustainable, because existing competitors and new entrants can take back that business by attacking Americans network holes.
Short of organic growth that will be very difficult given Americans retrenchment from its formerly diverse network of focus cities within the US and a dearth of viable hubs for transatlantic, transpacific, and East Coast domestic travel, the only way for American to solve its network deficiency is in fact to merge with another US airline.