You are correct I thought about that after I posted, I should have said ........The 2016 report is very troubling especially when you consider Kline-Miller. When your 401K gets hammered by the stock market you have only lost $ on paper, as long as you leave it & have the time it always earns it back. If you are close to retirement the 401K gives you options to via cash or less risky funds. When a Multi-co pension plan (like the IAMPF) gets behind on its funding enough for Kline-Miller provisions to kick in your benefit amount gets lowered and highly unlikely that it will ever be readjusted back up. BTW my 401K plan has made me 7.9% average over the course of my 30 year career (even with the market hiccups). A 401K is fully portable, fully controllable & tax lowering benefits.