Defined Benefit and Contribution Pension Plans
From Jenny McKinney & Patrick McKinney,
Differences along with advantages and disadvantages of both
A defined contribution plan provides an individual account for each participant. The benefits are based on the amount contributed and are also affected by income, expenses, gains and loses. Some examples of defined contribution plans include 401(K) plans, 403(B) plans, employee stock ownership plans and profit sharing plans.
A defined benefit plan promises the participant a specific monthly benefit at retirement and may state this as an exact dollar amount. Monthly benefits could also be calculated through a formula that considers a participants salary and service. A participant is generally not required to make contributions in a private sector fund but most public sector funds require employee contributions. Unlike defined contribution plans, the participant is not required to make investment decisions.
Advantages of Defined Benefit Plans
Guaranteed retirement income security for workers
No investment risk to participants
Cost of living adjustments
Not dependant on the participant’s ability to save
Tax deferred retirement savings medium
Disadvantages of Defined Benefit Plans
Difficult to understand by participant
Not beneficial to employees who leave before retirement
Advantages of Defined Contribution Plans
Tax deferred retirement savings medium
Participants have a certain degree of how much they choose to save
Can be funded through payroll deductions
Lump sum distributions may be eligible for special 10 year averaging
Participants can benefit from good investment results
Easily understood by participants
Disadvantages of Defined Contribution Plans
Difficult to build a fund for those who enter late in life
Participants bear investment risk
Taken from Investopedia.com
Defined-Contribution Plan
A retirement plan wherein a certain amount or percentage of money is set aside each year for the benefit of the employee. There are restrictions as to when and how you can withdraw these funds without penalties.
There is no way to know how much the plan will ultimately give the employee upon retiring. The amount contributed is fixed, but the benefit is not.