SparrowHawk
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Why exactly are we in Afghanistan? Can anyone tell me?
Why exactly are we in Afghanistan? Can anyone tell me?
Despite pledging on numerous occasions that the U.S. government’s occupation of Afghanistan would end in 2014 with the withdrawal of American forces, the Obama administration is now finalizing a controversial scheme to potentially keep tens of thousands of soldiers and an undisclosed number of mercenaries there for a decade or more. Critics, even among supporters of the president, are expressing outrage about the revelations.
http://thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/13775-despite-vow-to-withdraw-obama-plans-troops-in-afghanistan-past-2014
Why exactly are we in Afghanistan? Can anyone tell me?
U.S. geologists have concluded that Afghanistan, one of the world's poorest countries after 30 years of violence and war, lies atop a bonanza of mineral riches that could transform it into a wealthy nation.
The world class deposits of copper, iron ore and some other fairly exotic minerals have been estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey, which has been working to identify resources in Afghanistan, at more than $1 trillion.
But those riches which could help end the country's vicious cycle of poverty and even more vicious cycle of war may remain tantalizingly out of reach over the next few years.
Wonder why?? Someone is going to make beau coup bux in Afghanistan and don't think it won't be one of Obama's Pals.
Hence the proposed decade extension of US troops.
U.S. Geologists Discover $1 Trillion in Mineral Deposits in Afghanistan
http://abcnews.go.co...07#.UMPrUKywWSo
Not to make issue of the Afghan KIA's......but with this info......most should see why they shut down one war and extend a seemingly meaningless conflict in another country.
At the expense of our Sons and Daughters.
National Security or big business global profit?
Why exactly are we in Afghanistan? Can anyone tell me?
I receive PM's from no one, that feature is disabled. Not sure what you are implying anyway.Dude, you got to quit listening to those PM's from Ms.Tree.
I think china is the leading producer of rare earth minerals. They have a near monopoly on them.
Maybe Afghanistan would break that?
Shhhh.............We don't want to talk about KIA's under Barrack's watch, that's blasphemy !So with that, why is Obama willing to let troops stay there and not get our boys home?
He's surpassed Bush in KIA's already.....that sucks.
What's there??
Maybe undeveloped high tech mining for exotic minerals vital to our national security???
Clincher is US has little if any.
Europium: Savior of the TV Generation
Sir William Crookes, a 19th century British chemist, once wrote that, "rare earth elements perplex us in our researches, baffle us in our speculations and haunt us in our very dreams." These weren't easy elements to isolate or to understand, and so there was a very long lag time between the discovery of the rare earths, and the discovery of practical uses for them.
It didn't help that individual rare earth elements don't occur by their lonesome—they travel in packs. To get one, you have to mine all of them. At first, industry didn't even bother to separate out individual rare earths, instead using them in a blended alloy called mischmetal. This provided the first commercial applications, says Karl Gschneidner, senior metallurgist at the Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory. In 1891, mischmetal became an ingredient in lamp mantles—devices that were hung above open flames, where they burned and produced a bright, white light you could see and work by.
Europium was the first isolated, high purity rare earth element to enter the public marketplace, in 1967, as a source of the color red in TV sets. There had been color TV before europium, but the color quality was weak. The sets relied on phosphors—substances that glow when struck with struck with electrons or other energized particles—to get their red, green and blue colors, and the early red phosphors couldn't produce a very bright color. Europium phosphors made the picture pop.
At the time, rare earth mining wasn't even a twinkle in China's eye. Up until the 1990s, most rare earth elements came from the United States, especially Mountain Pass, a mine in California near Los Angeles, which supplied most of the late 1960s europium demand. By 2003, Mountain Pass had closed and no rare earths were coming out of the United States at all. The problem, though, isn't supply. The U.S. still has plenty of rare earth elements left to mine—in Mountain Pass and elsewhere. Instead, those mines were simply driven out of business, undercut on price by Chinese companies that had lower labor costs, and also benefited from the fact that they were mining rare earth elements as a byproduct of profitable iron mining.
Today, europium is still used as a phosphor, but as cathode ray tube TVs go the way of the dodo, it's more likely to turn up in white LED-based lights, which could someday be an energy efficient replacement for both incandescent and compact fluorescent bulbs. With this technology, white light is produced by mixing various colored LEDs and europium red happens to be an ingredient in turning out a high-quality, attractive shade of white.
Current Sources and Domestic Reserves
The United States currently imports all of its rare earth elements (REE) raw materials from foreign sources, prin-cipally China (U.S. Geological Survey, 2010). This has not always been the case. The USGS annually reports global and domestic production and trade in REE in its publications Minerals Yearbook and Mineral Commodity Summaries. Prior to 1998, when production from the Mountain Pass mine in California was curtailed, the United States produced most of the light REE consumed domestically and by free market countries. Heavy REE were obtained from imported monazite concentrates. That changed in the 1980s after China became the dominant global supplier of light and heavy REE (Papp and others, 2008). In 2002, the Mountain Pass mine in California, the sole domestic producer of REE minerals, shut down. Although the mine has continued to produce REE materials from stockpiled raw materials, no new REE ores are being mined. Since then, the United States has obtained all of its REE raw materials from imports, principally from China. China accounts for 95 percent of global REE production despite having only 36 percent of identified world reserves (table 8).
Concentration of Supply
The high concentration of production of REE in one country is not unusual for a minor metal commodity. For example, a single mine in the United States supplies 86 percent of world demand for beryllium and two mines in Brazil account for 92 percent of world niobium production (U.S. Geological Survey, 2010). Such concentration of supply, which has long been of concern in regard to price manipula-tion, also raises issues related to reliability of supply. Given an equal risk of a natural disaster, industrial accident, labor strike, political strife, or anything else that might interrupt produc-tion, a single source of supply is inherently more risky than multiple sources of supply. Even though these various risks are not equal among countries, concentration of supply is a key indicator of mineral-supply risk.Table 9 compares the supply situation of REE with other internationally traded minerals using several measures of con-centration. These measures are used by economists to study market concentration and by regulators for antitrust purposes. In table 9, concentration ratios, abbreviated CR2 and CR3, measure the total percent share in United States imports and world production of the top two or top three supplier coun-tries, respectively. A high percentage, such as the CR2 of 94 percent and CR3 of 96 percent shown for REE (excluding
Table 8. World production and reserves of rare earth elements minerals in 2009.[In 2009, China produced 95 percent of world rare earth elements although it had only 36 percent of rare earth elements reserves. TREO, total metric tons of rare earth oxides]
Go back down to the basement, the adults are having a conversation.Shhhh.....
The Mountain Pass rare earth mine is an open-pit mine of rare earth elements (REEs) on the south flank of the Clark Mountain Range and just north of the unincorporated community of Mountain Pass, California, United States. The mine, owned by Molycorp Inc., once supplied most of the world's rare earth elements. The facility is currently undergoing expansion and modernization, and expected to return to full production in 2012.
The mine is owned by Molycorp Minerals LLC, which is a subsidiary of Molycorp Inc..[sup][13][/sup] Molycorp planned to invest $500 million to reopen and expand the mine.[sup][14][/sup] The money was raised through an initial public offering of stock in Molycorp Inc.[sup][15][/sup] Full mining operations were planned to resume by the second half of 2011 as a result of increased demand for rare earth metals.[sup][16][/sup] In December 2010, Molycorp announced that it had secured all the environmental permits needed to begin construction of a new ore processing plant at the mine; construction would begin in January 2011, and was expected to be completed by the end of 2012.[sup][17][/sup] The company announced its resumption of operations on a start-up basis at the Mountain Pass mine on August 27, 2012.[sup][18][/sup]