Civil Reserve Air Fleet
The Civil Reserve Air Fleet is made up of US civil air carriers who are committed by contract to provid-ing operating and support personnel for DOD. The CRAF program is designed to quickly mobilize our nation’s airlift resources to meet DOD force projec-tion requirements. CRAF airlift services are divided into four operational segments:
Long-range international-strategic intertheater operations.
Short-range international theater operations.
Domestic CONUS-DOD supply distribution.
Alaskan-Aerospace Defense Command support.
The CRAF airlift capability can be activated in three stages. These stages are as follows:
Stage I. Stage I may be activated by the USCINCTRANSCOM,1 to perform airlift services when the AMC airlift force cannot meet simultaneously both deployment and other traffic requirements.
Stage II. Stage II is an additional airlift expansion identified for an airlift emergency which does not warrant national mobilization but may be activated by authority of the SECDEF.
Stage III. Stage III makes available the total CRAF airlift capability when required for DOD operations during major military emergencies involving US Forces. The SECDEF issues the order to activate CRAF stage III only after a national emergency has been declared by the President or Congress.
CRAF was activated for the first time in its history on 17 August 1990 when stage I aircraft were called up in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Despite a few minor problems, which have since been addressed, the activation of the CRAF was very successful. Commercial airlines are motivated to participate in the CRAF program in part by the opportunity to compete for DoD peacetime business. In the past several years, the volume of that available business base has been expanded by over a billion dollars. That was a strong factor in overcoming resistance to CRAF participation in the wake of the Gulf War. The possibility of opening up the DoD small package business to commercial carriers--another $200-$400 million--is now also being considered. Military airfields are being opened to CRAF carriers for operations and bad weather alternates as additional incentives for CRAF participation.