I keep seeing references to creditors as though they are some monolithic block (well, two blocks - secured/unsecured). Nothing could be further from the truth.
Although, I make an attempt to distinguish between the two in my posts, I understand that others do not. Unless noted otherwise, you should assume that they are speaking of unsecured creditors because the secured creditors do not have much of a say when it comes to accepting a plan (they are presumed to accept the plan if they are unimpaired).
In each of the US bankruptcy cases, as well as the UA case, there were multiple classes of creditors having claims to multiple debtors. For example, in the 2nd US case there were 5 deptors with each having from 8-11 classes of creditors.
Yes, each secured creditor is usually in their own class, while the unsecured creditors are usually lumped together into a very large class (notwithstanding preferences). If a creditor is both secured and unsecured; their claims are usually spilt into two classes.
Some classes were "unimpaired" or secured - they were going to be paid in full. Some didn't have their status as "impaired" or "unimpaired"determined till after the POR was filed. Some were "impaired" but were going to get some mixture - cash, cash and stock, or only stock. And some were "impaired" and would get nothing.
Yes, seems lately that claims regarding pensions are often swept aside.
The same will be true no matter whether the POR presented is DL's "stand alone" plan or US' merger plan - the "unsecured" creditors will receive different treatment depending on what class they're in. Some will end up getting paid in full, some will get money but not the full amount of their claim. Some will get only a combination of stock and money. Some will get only stock. And some will get nothing - their claims will end up being thrown out.
But, obviously, the unsecured creditors may be treated better under one plan as compared to the other.
Heck, US has been out of BK for over a year and they're still fighting in BK court over what and how much some of the creditors will get. So saying that the unsecured creditors will be swayed because they'll get some cash instead of only stock is vastly oversimplified and misleading.
Usually, this is done when the trustee (debtor) decides to accept pre-bankruptcy contracts and now they have disputes about the contracts post-bankruptcy. This may potentially go on for years (Kmart is still doing this). I do not suggest that the unsecured creditors will ultimately be swayed by the cash. I am simply pointing out that in these scenarios, the competing plan usually has more financing lined up and can typically offer more cash to the unsecured creditors. And historically, creditors are often wooed by the extra cash as compared to receiving shares and little or no cash. (Feel free to research Chp. 11 bankruptcies when competing plans are filed). Obviously, only idiots from another company would waste a significant amount of money by offering a competing plan that is inferior to a plan filed by the debtor. Thus, we can probably assume that the US plan is able to offer more cash to the creditors than Delta.
What will ultimately happen? Beats me. The only thing I know is that it's not nearly as simple as some people make it sound.
Yep... not nearly as simple as you or I or anyone else can explain. Guess we will find out around February 15th?!?!