I got a good laugh from the bolded part of your comment - since when has any executive from an airline gone anywhere else and been a success in their new position?
Probably not the fairest of questions, since up until the past ten years or so, most of the people who moved into senior management at airlines were there because they loved the industry. Now, it's just another job at a big company.
But perhaps the real truth is that most executives who leave an airline have saved enough that they don't need to work, and if they do, they go do something they want to do instead of trying to be king of the world.
Jeff Campbell left AMR in 2004 to take on the CFO job at McKesson (#16 company on the Fortune 500 with $88B in revenues). He's still there, so he must be doing his job correctly... I hope so -- his salary tripled, and there's probably a lot less stress being in healthcare than in transportation.
Stephen Wolf, probably one of the more notorious airline CEO's, is non-exec Chairman of R.R. Donnelly, the worlds largest commercial printer and had $11B in revenues last year. And no, it's not the same Donnelly that publishes the Yellow Pages... RRD does books, catalogs, and other print material. Again, probably a lot less volatile and stressful, and Donnelly has been around for over 140 years.
Tom Plaskett went on to be non-exec Chairman of Novell Corporation after the failure of Pan Am, and being fired from Continental before that. Novell is still a fairly known player in Linux, IT security, and systems management.
The best example of someone going on to do what they wanted to is Dick Ferris...
Dick was CEO at United during the 80's, and was essentially fired after the pilots strike. He went on to be exec chairman of Doubletree for a while, and was on the board of the PGA (which had revenues last year of about $875M) for 15 years up until last December, when he finally retired.