Ok... I went out and found some efficiency data for select airlines from the second quarter of 2004... I had selected a few airlines. Interestingly, not all of the airlines provided all of the information required for the comparisons. For example, I would have included Continental if I could find their Full-Time Equivalent Employees... So here is the raw data:
Airline FTE Employees Aircraft (Mainline) ASM's (in millions)
AmWest 11,936 140 7,552
Alaska 10,136 110 5,209
jetBlue 5,781 57 4,657
Northwest 39,154 436 22,764
Southwest 31,480 405 37,155
United 59,700 524 36,235
USAir 26,880 282 13,519
FTE's per aircraft (Second Quarter)
Then, I did some ratios for comparison. The first one was FTE's to AC. I think HighIron made the point that basically, this is a non-stat because US Airways is a different animal from Southwest, and to some extent, all airlines are unique. Here is is anyway. Of course, this is the number of employees per aircraft (rank order from most effiecient):
1. Southwest 77.7
2. America West 85.3
3. Northwest 89.8
4. Alaska 92.1
5. US Airways 95.0
6. jetBlue 101.4
7. United 113.9
I guess what I take away here is that US Airways is in the middle of the pack, certainly not in the very effiecient range (Southwest and America West) but not as inefficient as UAL. Although, UAL's "in-efficiency" is probably connected to its large fleet of wide-bodies... Thus, illustrating HighIron's point.
I find jetBlue's placement here striking. I suspect it has to do with 2 things... 1. A small rapidly growing company and 2. Extensive red-eye system (more utilization means more crews/aircraft... jetBlue's utilization was about 2 hrs more than America West (13hrs/day vs 11hrs/day)
ASM's per employee (2nd Quarter)
Next, to look at HighIron's point, I took FTE's to ASM's. After all, if ASM's can be the unit measurement for revenue (RASM) and costs (CASM), why not efficiency? The idea here is to remove the bias of aircraft size and stage length, to the extent possible. So below is the number of ASM's each FTE employee, on average, produced during the quarter:
1. Southwest 1.18mil ASM's/employee
2. jetBlue 1.24 0.81mil ASM's/employee
3. America West 0.63mil ASM's/employee
4. United 0.61mil ASM's/employee
5. Northwest 0.58mil ASM's/employee
6. Alaska 0.51mil ASM's/employee
7. US Airways 0.50mil ASM's/employee
So, here, we see that jetBlue goes to its place as highly productive. I conclude from this that my suspicion in FTE/AC was right... jetBlue's placement was largely due to utilization... When we look at this, jetBlue's employees are the second most productive. Also, notice how much more efficient United has become... FTE/AC was deceptive because UAL has large aircraft. Notice that not only is US Airways at the bottom of the pack, but each Southwest employee produces more than twice as many ASM's than a US Airways employee. That is significant, in my opinion.
ASM's per aircraft (Second Quarter)
Finally, from an aircraft utilization standpoint, I present how many ASM's each aircraft produces:
1. Southwest 91.7mil ASM's/AC
2. jetBlue 81.7mil ASM's/AC
3. United 69.1mil ASM's/AC
4. America West 53.9mil ASM's/AC
5. Northwest 52.2mil ASM's/AC
6. US Airways 47.7mil ASM's/AC
7. Alaska 47.4mil ASM's/AC
The standout here is UAL at #3. This has to do with UAL's large wide-body, long-haul fleet. Having a large number of B747-400's and probably using them efficietntly obviously helps UAL here since each mile a B747 flies, it produces roughly 250 more seats than a mile flown by a 737/320. US Airways, again, near the bottom, since its aircraft are on the smaller size and used inefficiently.
My Conclusion:
Not only are Southwest's employees twice as productive as US Airways' employees, but also their aircraft are scheduled twice as effectively. Even to get to America West level of productivity, for US Airways in my opinion, will be very difficult, and emulating jetBlue/AWA wages/work rules/contracts will not automatically translate into those efficiencies, as the airline would have to be scheduled differently to make that happen (i.e. more red-eyes and long-hauls like both jB and AWA). Given US Airways focus on the east, and focus cities at LGA and DCA with night-time slot controls AND perimeter rules. US Airways will probably not be able to make significant gains on stage length or red-eyes, making increasing productivity more difficult to acheive.